Renewed conflict in the Strait of Hormuz and the revocation of a key U.S. sanctions license have created significant energy market uncertainty.

A new bipartisan Senate bill aims to weaken Russia's war efforts by authorizing up to 100% tariffs on top importers of its energy and mandating sectoral sanctions. The proposal, supported by President Trump, targets Russia's defense, financial, and energy industries.

The European Union has implemented a ban on the import of Sudanese gold and the export of mercury and cyanide to weaken the financial resources of warring factions. Experts note that the effectiveness of these sanctions relies on the cooperation of regional transit countries and international trading hubs.