Private sector employees in California remain vulnerable to compulsory unionism and potential termination if they refuse to pay union dues, unlike public workers protected by the Supreme Court.

Labor leaders and lawmakers are pushing to extend and grow a state fund supporting workers affected by refinery closures and the shift to net-zero energy. The effort aims to provide career stability as thousands of oil and gas jobs face potential elimination.

Volkswagen is weighing a reduction of up to 100,000 jobs to address declining profits and operational costs that remain higher than those of rival manufacturers. The proposed restructuring includes potential factory closures and significant production cuts, facing strong opposition from labor unions.